What is PMS ?
PMS stands for (Pre Menstrual Syndrome), and can be described as a disorder that
is characterized by a set of hormonal changes (mainly in Estrogen and
Progesterone levels). These hormonal changes trigger disruptive physical,
emotional and psychological PMS symptoms in most women for up to two weeks
before menstruation.
Who experiences PMS?
PMS is by far the single most frequent complaint of pre menopausal women. Almost
all women experience PMS at some point in their life. Women between the ages of
30-45 years often experience most severe PMS. PMS often increases at times of
hormonal turbulence, for example, puberty, childbirth, after miscarriage or
pregnancy termination or changes in contraception. Women who suffered from post
natal depression are more prone to PMS. Stress increases and worsens the PMS
symptoms. PMS often makes pre-existing conditions worse.
Signs and Symptoms
PMS has been characterized by more than 150 symptoms, ranging from weight gain
to acne to mood swings. The symptoms vary from woman to woman and cycle to
cycle. For some women, the symptoms may be mild or moderate, and for others,
they may be so severe as to be incapacitating.
Here are some common symptoms :
* depression
* sadness
* anxiety
* anger
* irritability
* frequent
* severe mood swings
* decreased concentration
* indecision
* headache (e.g., menstrual migraine)
* breast tenderness
* joint and muscle pain
* insomnia (sleeplessness)
* hypersomnia (sleeping for abnormally long periods of time)
* anorexia (loss of appetite)
* food cravings
* fatigue
* lethargy
* agitation
* a change in sex drive
* clumsiness
* dizziness
* nausea
* diarrhea
* bloating
* weight gain
* oliguria (reduced urination)
* palpitations (rapid fluttering of the heart)
* sweating
* acne
* oily skin
* greasy
* dry hair
PMS and Pregnancy :
Many women experience PMS-like symptoms during pregnancy, particularly during
the early weeks of pregnancy. Fatigue is extremely common during early
pregnancy, and energy levels may remain low until the second trimester. Pregnant
women often feel bloated and may have mild pelvic cramps. Headaches are also
common. Breast tenderness or pain may also be experienced as hormones act on the
breasts to prepare them for milk production and secretion. Some women also
develop acne during pregnancy. PMS-like symptoms that are probably the most
difficult for pregnant women to deal with are depression, anxiety, irritability,
and mood swings.
The majority of medications to relieve these PMS-like symptoms are not advised
during pregnancy. This can make it difficult for a woman who is experiencing
moderate to severe symptoms in addition to the other changes she is dealing
with. Getting adequate rest, including about 10 hours of sleep each night, is
important for pregnant women and can help relieve fatigue. Wearing loose-fitting
clothes and getting adequate exercise can minimize a bloated feeling and improve
one's overall sense of well-being. For headaches, a gentle head and neck massage
or a cool cloth placed on the forehead may help. A nutritious and balanced diet
and nutritional supplements are essential to maintain the health of both the
mother and the growing baby. Avoiding caffeine, smoking, and foods rich in
refined sugar can also help reduce the severity of symptoms. Smaller, more
frequent meals can also help maintain blood-sugar levels. Low blood-sugar levels
can result in fatigue, headaches, and irritability.
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